Table 3 Mann Whitney’s U test results
From: Enhancing patient-doctor-computer communication in primary care: towards measurement construction
Item number | Item | Mann-Whitney U | Exact sig. (2-tailed) | Median (group 1) | Std. (group 1) | Median (group 2) | Std. (group 2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Arrange the room to allow both patient and physician to see the screen | 222.000 | .220 | 4.00 | .850 | 3.00 | 1.433 |
2. | Preview the EMR before entering or having the patient enter the room | 248.000 | .562 | 4.00 | 1.091 | 3.00 | .597 |
3. | Introduce yourself before turning to the computer | 231.500 | .167 | 5.00 | 1.088 | 3.00 | .885 |
4. | Introduce the computer and its role to the patient, while identifying the patient in the EMR | 267.500 | .865 | 3.00 | 1.047 | 3.00 | .841 |
5. | Begin the encounter with your patient’s concerns | 252.000 | .583 | 5.00 | .632 | 4.00 | 1.017 |
6. | Summarize and briefly touch-type the visit’s agenda | 234.500 | .359 | 4.00 | .861 | 5.00 | .229 |
7. | Do not interrupt the patient while he is talking due to computer guided questions/prompts | 211.500 | .220 | 4.00 | .774 | 3.00 | .976 |
8. | Establish reason for visit primarily based on the patient’s needs rather than computer prompts | 264.500 | .562 | 4.00 | .702 | 5.00 | .478 |
9. | Describe the security and confidentiality of the patient’s electronic record information | 265.000 | .167 | 3.00 | 1.319 | 4.00 | .882 |
10. | Discuss antecedent treatments while browsing the computerized record | 256.000 | .865 | 3.00 | .949 | 5.00 | .697 |
11. | Tell the patient what you are doing as you turn to the computer | 267.000 | .583 | 4.00 | .778 | 4.00 | .749 |
12. | Reposition the screen so that it is closer to the patient | 228.000 | .359 | 3.00 | .944 | 3.00 | 1.202 |
13. | Point to relevant areas on the screen | 263.500 | .157 | 4.00 | .907 | 4.00 | .838 |
14. | Signal shifts toward the computer, let the patient know that you are still attending to his or her needs | 235.500 | .809 | 4.00 | .711 | 4.00 | .667 |
15. | Read back what you have written followed by looking at your patient | 261.500 | .832 | 4.00 | .850 | 3.00 | .946 |
16. | Use transition statements to the computer, signpost, use real-time typing, read-back | 235.000 | .680 | 3.00 | .783 | 4.00 | .964 |
17. | Encourage patient participation in building their charts | 267.000 | .864 | 3.00 | 1.145 | 4.00 | .577 |
18. | Demonstrate sufficient typing skills | 238.500 | .295 | 4.00 | 1.099 | 4.00 | 1.046 |
19. | Verify patient literacy, primary language, and visual acuity to optimize computer use | 249.500 | .797 | 3.00 | .967 | 4.00 | .761 |
20. | Print out or share: care plans, medication lists, office notes, information, follow up appointments | 274.000 | .341 | 4.00 | 1.168 | 3.00 | .780 |
21. | Discuss medical issues and prevention strategies while using computer resources | 242.500 | .768 | 3.00 | 1.121 | 4.00 | .838 |
22. | Initiate/acknowledge patient requests for on-line information (data, screen sharing) | 243.500 | .374 | 4.00 | .891 | 3.00 | 1.374 |
23. | Teach the patient about his own body and situation by providing feedback from tests, diagnosis, showing test results on the screen or print out | 260.000 | .853 | 4.00 | 1.093 | 4.00 | 1.108 |
24. | Use verbal and non-verbal cues: eye gaze, affirmative head nodding while patient is talking | 257.500 | .422 | 5.00 | .862 | 4.00 | .885 |
25. | While typing on the computer, use verbal skills that demonstrate active listening: continuers (uh-huh, go on, I see), echoing statements (back channeling), short requests (tell me more), and short summarizing statements | 272.500 | .576 | 4.00 | .726 | 4.00 | 1.032 |
26. | When the patient is talking or when information is provided to him, face the patient: head, eyes, and torso toward the patient, remove hands from the keyboard or mouse, push the monitor away, and give the patient her undivided attention | 253.000 | .980 | 4.00 | .759 | 4.00 | .705 |
27. | Provide patient handouts (or Web site references) and information about community support services, medication side effects, and follow-up appointments | 264.000 | .484 | 4.00 | 1.048 | 5.00 | .507 |