|
Multiple cause (MC)
|
---|
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
Other heart disease
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
---|
UC diabetes
| | | |
France
| 450b
| 172b
| 230b
|
Italy
| 296b
| 108b
| 211b
|
USA
| 387b
| 162b
| 262b
|
Czech Republic
| 157b
| 99 | 149b
|
Israel
| 223b
| 144b
| 228b
|
Israel : % with MC
| 39.8 | 32.7 | 24.4 |
UC Renal failure
| | | |
France
| 194b
| 183b
| 88 |
Italy
| 148b
| 118b
| 93 |
USA
| 140b
| 134b
| 86 |
Czech Republic
| 130 | 136b
| 63 |
Israel
| 143b
| 134b
| 96 |
Israel : % with MC
| 25.1 | 31.0 | 10.1 |
- Source of data: Italy [14], France [15], USA [16], Czech Republic [17]
- Formula for CDAI [3] \( \mathit{\mathsf{C}}\mathit{\mathsf{D}}\mathit{\mathsf{A}}{\mathit{\mathsf{I}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{u}},\mathit{\mathsf{c}}}=\frac{{\displaystyle {\sum}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}\frac{{}_{\mathit{\mathsf{u}}}\mathit{\mathsf{d}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{c}},\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}{{}_{\mathit{\mathsf{u}}}\mathit{\mathsf{d}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}.{\overline{\mathit{\mathsf{d}}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}}{{\displaystyle {\sum}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}\frac{{\mathit{\mathsf{d}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{c}},\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}{{\mathit{\mathsf{d}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}.{\overline{\mathit{\mathsf{d}}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}}}*\mathsf{100} \)
-
\( {}_{\mathit{\mathsf{u}}}\mathit{\mathsf{d}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{c}},\mathit{\mathsf{x}}} \) = number of deaths observed at age x with underlying cause u and contributing cause c
-
\( {}_{\mathit{\mathsf{u}}}\mathit{\mathsf{d}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}} \) = number of deaths observed at age x with cause u as underlying cause
-
d
c,x
= total number of deaths observed at age x with cause c as contributing cause (regardless of the underlying cause)
-
d
x
= total number of deaths observed at age x (regardless of the underlying cause)
-
\( \overline{{\mathit{\mathsf{d}}}_{\mathit{\mathsf{x}}}} \) = standard number of deaths at age x (number of deaths from the 2009 WHO life table for high income countries)
-
aCzech Republic - 2011
-
b Significantly above 100 with 95 % CI calculated as specified in [4]