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Table 4 Characteristics associated with smoking status in men and women: Multinomial logistic regression models. Data presented as odds ratio (95 % confidence limits); never smokers were the reference category

From: Social characteristics associated with disparities in smoking rates in Israel

 

Men

Women

 

Past smoking

Current smoking

Past smoking

Current smoking

Age group, yrs:

 20-24

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 25-34

2.15 (1.30- 3.54)

1.36 (0.99-1.87)

2.35 (1.27-4.37)

1.55 (1.06-2.27)

 35-44

2.19 (1.27, 3.78)

1.13 (0.78-1.63)

2.58 (1.34-4.96)

1.42 (0.92-2.18)

 45-54

4.32 (2.48-7.54)

1.61 (1.08-2.40)

2.16 (1.09-4.26)

1.53 (0.98-2.39)

 55-64

6.74 (3.82-11.88)

1.23 (0.80-1.92)

2.33 (1.16-4.69)

1.14 (0.69-1.86)

 65-74

7.44 (4.03-13.74)

0.82 (0.48-1.41)

3.16 (1.51-6.61)

0.70 (0.38-1.30)

 75+

7.20 (3.75-13.84)

0.33 (0.17-0.65)

2.00 (0.88-4.55)

0.18 (0.08-0.42)

Population sub-group:

 Born in Israel

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Immigrants before 1990

1.04 (0.79-1.37)

1.23 (0.92-1.65)

0.99 (0.72-1.37)

0.94 (0.68-1.30)

 Immigrants between 1990 and 1995

1.18 (0.85-1.64)

1.37 (1.01-1.87)

0.55 (0.37-0.81)

0.71 (0.51-0.97)

 Immigrants after 1995

1.66 (1.08-2.57)

1.23 (0.80, 1.88)

0.45 (0.26-0.78)

0.66 (0.43-1.01)

 Arabs

0.74 (0.54-1.00)

1.53 (1.22, 1.93)

0.21 (0.12-0.36)

0.33 (0.24-0.47)

Years of education:

 0-8

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 9-12

0.81 (0.54-1.22)

0.69 (0.47-1.01)

1.43 (0.80-2.53)

1.17 (0.71-1.91)

 13+

0.68 (0.46-1.01)

0.34 (0.23-0.50)

1.28 (0.73-2.24)

0.63 (0.38-1.03)

Religiosity:

 Secular

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Traditional

0.86 (0.68-1.09)

1.02 (0.83-1.25)

0.67 (0.51-0.89)

0.90 (0.72-1.14)

 Observant

0.72 (0.56-0.91)

0.60 (0.49-0.75)

0.37 (0.27-0.52)

0.39 (0.30-0.52)

 Very religious

0.91 (0.61-1.35)

0.36 (0.23, 0.55)

0.24 (0.13-0.45)

0.06 (0.03-0.16)

Marital status:

 Married

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Unmarried

1.01 (0.72-1.40)

1.22 (0.94-1.58)

1.00 (0.67-1.48)

2.45 (1.83-3.28)

 Divorced

1.34 (0.85-2.01)

2.71 (1.79-4.11)

1.36 (0.93-2.00)

2.16 (1.56-2.99)

 Widowed

0.83 (0.46-1.50)

1.62 (0.79-3.33)

1.11 (0.71-1.73)

1.85 (1.16-2.96)

Employment status:

 Employed

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

n.s.

n.s.

 Unemployed

1.19 (0.70-2.03)

1.75 (1.17-2.60)

  

 Not included in the labor force

0.82 (0.62-1.08)

0.77 (0.59-1.00)

  

Possession of assets:

 Neither car nor house

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Car only

1.53 (1.02-2.29)

1.07 (0.77-1.47)

1.40 (0.89-2.19)

1.21 (0.83-1.76)

 House only

1.04 (0.73-1.48)

0.66 (0.49-0.89)

0.57 (0.38-0.85)

0.56 (0.40-0.79)

 A car and a house

1.10 (0.80-1.53)

0.59 (0.45-0.77)

0.65 (0.45-0.96)

0.69 (0.50-0.95)

 A house and two cars or more

1.02 (0.67-1.55)

0.67 (0.47-0.94)

0.79 (0.49-1.28)

0.94 (0.63-1.40)

 Two houses or more

1.24 (0.82-1.87)

0.75 (0.51-1.09)

0.89 (0.55-1.45)

0.61 (0.38-0.99)

Being successful in meeting living expenses:

 Unsuccessful

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Not very successful

0.82 (0.55-1.22)

0.82 (0.58-1.15)

0.81 (0.50-1.30)

0.68 (0.47-0.97)

 Successful

0.76 (0.52-1.11)

0.56 (0.40, 0.78)

0.66 (0.41-1.05)

0.42 (0.2- 0.61)

 Highly successful

0.59 (0.39-0.90)

0.37 (0.25, 0.53)

0.56 (0.32-0.96)

0.68 (0.24-0.59)

Self-reported health status:

 Not good at all

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Not so good

1.02 (0.63-1.64)

1.00 (0.60-1.68)

0.91 (0.52-1.57)

0.83 (0.48-1.45)

 Good

0.65 (0.39-1.07)

0.84 (0.49-1.43)

1.11 (0.65-1.90)

1.23 (0.73-2.10)

 Very good

1.26 (0.77-2.08)

1.16 (0.67-1.99)

0.77 (0.44-1.38)

0.82 (0.47-1.44)

Body mass index (kg/m2):

 Normal (<25.0)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Overweight (≥25.0 and <30.0)

1.11 (0.90-1.37)

0.97 (0.80-1.17)

1.34 (1.03-1.74)

0.98 (0.77-1.25)

 Obese (≥30.0)

1.34 (1.02-1.75)

0.70 (0.53-0.92)

0.99 (0.70-1.38)

0.75 (0.55-1.01)

Self-reported leisure physical activity:*

 None

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 Less than recommended

1.05 (0.79-1.38)

0.62 (0.47-0.81)

0.93 (0.67-1.30)

0.64 (0.47-0.88)

 Meeting WHO recommendations

0.62 (0.47-0.81)

1.02 (0.80-1.30)

1.08 (0.80-1.45)

0.67 (0.51-0.88)

 Meeting recommendations for additional health benefit

0.92 (0.71-1.19)

0.64 (0.51-0.81)

1.21 (0.86-1.71)

0.86 (0.63-1.17)

Mean gross income per-capita per month:

n.s.

n.s.

  

 <2,000 NIS

  

1.00 (reference category)

1.00 (reference category)

 2,000-4,000 NIS

  

1.21 (0.85-1.74)

1.43 (1.07-1.92)

 >4,000 NIS

  

1.58 (1.09-2.29)

1.40 (1.08-1.93)

 No information

  

1.62 (1.06-2.48)

1.17 (0.81-1.68)

  1. n.s. : Non significant association
  2. *According to the Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. WHO publication. 2010. ISBN: 9789241599979