Table 1 Shows the prevention strategies that have been developed to protect against sexually transmitted infections and their effectiveness

Non-viral infections (Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoea/Trichomonas vaginalis/Mycoplasma genitalium/Ureaplasma urealyticum/Treponema pallidum)

•Condoms

•90% effective with perfect use [10]

•Testing for STIs and treating when necessary

•100% effective unless there is poor adherence to treatment, reinfection or drug resistance

•Partner notification

•Reducing onward transmission, reinfection and the cost to make an STI diagnosis [11]

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

•Condoms

•Up to 50% [12]

•Circumcision

•50% [13]

•HPV vaccination

•90% [14]

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

•Condoms

•Not known

•Hepatitis A vaccination

•93% [15]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

•Condoms

•Not known

•Hepatitis B vaccination

• > 90% [16]

Herpes virus (HSV 1 & 2)

•Condoms

•24% [17]

•Prophylactic treatment

•48% [17]

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

•Condoms

•10% [18]

•Circumcision

•57% [13]

•Treatment as prevention

•93% [19]

•Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

• > 90% [20]