Table 4 Values and sources of model’s parameters

 Infants with BPD

0.037%

[55]

 Infants with CHD

0.028%

[55]

 Infants with CLD

0.084%

[55]

  < 29 weeks gestation

0.42%

[56]

 29–32 weeks gestation

0.88%

[56]

 33–36 weeks gestation

6.13%

[56]

 No Risk group

92.42%

[56]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

Life Expectancy (years)

82.1

81.6

81.1

[4]

HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)

71.9

71.5

70.8

[a]

Discounted HALE

29.13

29.07

28.96

[a]

  BPD

0.322

0.117

0.032

[6, 57,58,59]

  CHD

0.658

0.330

0.045

[6, 57,58,59]

  CLD

0.303

0.136

0.034

[6, 57,58,59]

  <29

0.204

0.096

0.010

[6, 57,58,59]

  29–32

0.186

0.018

0.004

[6, 57,58,59]

  33–36

0.073

0.030

0.009

[6, 57,58,59]

  No risk

0.013

0.004

0.001

[6, 57,58,59]

  BPD

0.17

[21]

  CHD

0.22

[21]

  CLD

0.17

[21]

  < 29

0.73

[21]

  29–32

0.76

[21]

 33–36

0.79

[21]

 No risk

0.81

[21]

  AB with RSV (466.11)

2011

[b]

  % unknown diagnoses that are RSV

40%

[11]

  AB unknown organisms: RSV (466.99)

843

[b]

  RSV Pnuemonia (210.1)

50

[b]

  % Otitis Media caused by RSV

15%

[8,9,10]

  Otitis Media RSV

196

[b, c]

  RSV < 2 yrs. old

3100

[b]

  RSV 12–23 months

381

[b]

  RSV 6–11 months

662

[b]

  RSV < 6 months old

2057

[b]

  Average length of stay aged 12–23 months

3.7

days

[b]

  Average length of stay aged 6–11 months

3.6

days

[b]

  Average length of stay < 6 months old

4.2

days

[b]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD

8.6

9.6

9.0

[58, 60]

CHD

2.7

4.2

2.0

[58, 60]

CLD

3.9

5.4

4.6

[58, 60]

<29

5.3

7.6

2.8

[58, 60]

29–32

3.4

6.2

5.4

[58, 60]

33–36

1.9

2.4

2.4

[58, 60]

No risk

1.0

1.0

1.0

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD

8.0

6.7

7.0

[6, 29, 61]

CHD

7.7

6.4

6.8

(b, [62])

CLD

7.9

6.6

6.9

(b, [62])

<29

3.7

3.0

3.2

(b, [62])

29–32

4.5

3.7

3.9

(b, [62])

33–36

5.8

4.8

5.0

(b, [62])

No risk

3.9

3.3

3.5

(b, [62])

0–23

months

BPD

9.1

[59, 62]

CHD

10.1

[59, 62]

CLD

16.1

[59, 62]

<29

11.8

[59, 62]

29–32

12.3

[59, 62]

33–36

12.8

[59, 62]

No risk

6.7

[b]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD

7.0

5.8

6.1

(b,[6])

CHD

5.3

4.4

4.7

(b,[41, 61])

CLD

5.4

4.5

4.8

(b,[41, 61])

<29

2.8

2.3

2.4

(b, [63])

29–32

3.4

2.8

3.0

(b, [63])

33–36

4.4

3.6

3.8

(b, adjusted [63])

No risk

3.0

2.5

2.6

(b, adjusted [63])

0–23

months

BPD

3.9

(b,[6])

CHD

4.4

(b,[41, 61])

CLD

7.0

(b,[41, 61])

<29

5.9

(b, [63])

29–32

6.1

(b, [63])

33–36

6.4

(b, adjusted [63])

No risk

3.3

(b,adjusted [63])

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD

3.7

26.0

16.9

[64,65,66]

CHD

3.7

26.0

16.9

[64,65,66]

CLD

3.7

26.0

16.9

[64,65,66]

<29

3.7

26.0

16.9

[64,65,66,67]

29–32

3.7

26.0

16.9

[64,65,66,67]

33–36

3.8

26.5

17.3

[64,65,66,67]

No risk

3.9

26.7

17.4

[64,65,66,67]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD

0.3

1.3

1.3

[64,65,66]

CHD

0.3

1.3

1.3

[64,65,66]

CLD

0.3

1.3

1.3

[64,65,66]

<29

0.3

1.3

1.3

[64,65,66,67]

29–32

0.4

1.4

1.4

[64,65,66,67]

33–36

0.5

1.9

1.9

[64,65,66,67]

No risk

0.5

2.0

2.0

[64,65,66,67]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD,CHD,CLD

1.03

1.05

1.17

assumed as for 29–32 weeks

<29

1.03

1.06

1.20

[68,69,70,71,72]

29–32

1.03

1.05

1.17

[68,69,70,71,72]

33–36

1.02

1.04

1.15

[68,69,70,71,72,73]

No risk

1.03

1.05

1.10

[68,69,70,71,72,73]

3–10

11–20

21+

years

years

years

BPD,CHD,CLD

1.11

1.09

1.14

assumed as for 29–32 weeks

<29

1.12

1.10

1.17

29–32

1.11

1.09

1.14

33–36

1.08

1.07

1.12

No risk

1.09

1.09

1.15

[68, 71, 72, 74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81]

[68, 72, 78, 80]

[68, 72, 78, 80]

[age-specific]

Asthma attacks per year in not-fully controlled

5.0

Assumption

Asthma cases fully controlled

50%

Assumption

Severe Wheezing episodes per year (aged 3+ years)

5

[13]

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

BPD,CHD,CLD

1.25

1.25

1.25

assumed as for 29–32 weeks

<29

1.29

1.29

1.29

[68]

29–32

1.25

1.25

1.25

[68]

33–36

1.21

1.21

1.21

[68, 73]

No risk

1.24

1.24

1.13

[68, 70, 73]

2–3

4–5

6–12

years

years

years

BPD,CHD,CLD

1.14

1.03

1.00

assumed as for 29–32 weeks

<29

1.15

1.03

1.00

29–32

1.14

1.03

1.00

33–36

1.08

1.04

1.001

No risk

1.07

1.06

1.04

[46, 68, 82,83,84]

[68, 73]

[68, 73]

[age-specific]

 Average Population (2015)

7,978,067

[2]

 Live Births (2015)

178,723

[2]

 Infants aged 0–11 months

0.00675

[a]

 Infants aged 12–23 months

0.00770

[a]

 Pre-Hospital Phase

0.17

[14]

 Pre-Hospital Phase (caregiver)

0.03

[14]

 Ambulatory Visit (included in pre-hospital)

0

 ER visit (included in pre-hospital)

0

 Days in Hospital

0.40

[14]

 Days in Hospital (caregiver)

0.04

[14]

 Post-Hospital Phase

0.09

[14]

 Post-Hospital Phase (caregiver)

0.01

[14]

 Out-patient visit (included in post-hospital)

0

 % asthma controlled or partly controlled

50%

[84]

 Asthma (included after chronic phase)

0.018

[84]

 Wheezing (included after chronic phase)

0.0018

per episode

[13]

 Chronic Phase

0.011

[14]

 Pre-Hospital Phase

days

3.5

[57]

 Post-Hospital phase

days

60

[14]

 Chronic Phase

days

122

[14, 19]

 Asthmatic

days per year

365

Assumed

 Exchange rate 2015

NIS per USD

3.89

[4]

 Discount Rate

3%

Standard practice.

 GDP per Capita 2015

$35,341

[4]

 Cost-effectiveness threshold

$105,986

[5]

 Ambulatory Physician

per visit

$12.83

[85]

 Emergency Room

per visit

$209

[86]

 General Hospital Ward

per day

$526

[86]

 ICU to Pediatric Ward Cost Ratio

3.12

[17, 24, 41, 87]

 Out-Patient Department

per visit

$72

[85]

 Asthma - aged 0–5

per year

$1147

[12]

 Asthma - aged 6–17

per year

$1311

[12]

 Asthma - aged 18+

per year

$3200

[12]

 Wheezing

per year

$1089

[13]

 Mortality

per death

$4690

Local Burial prices

 Immunoprophylaxis Cost-50 mg vial

$520

[d]

 Immunoprophylaxis Cost-100 mg vial

$957

[d]

 Immunoprophylaxis cost per dose for 0–5 months infant

$1054

(d,[16])

 Immunoprophylaxis cost per dose for 6–11 months infant

$1378

(d,[16])

 Immunoprophylaxis cost per dose for 12–23 months infant

$1628

(d,[16])

 Average cost per Immunoprophylaxis course

$6281

Derived from Model

 Immunoprophylaxis wastage

3.3%

[7]

 Hospital Doctors Costs

per hour

$41

[85]

 Nurses Empoyment Costs

per hour

$27

[85]

 Secretarial Costs

per hour

$15

[85]

 MD time per Immunoprophylaxis dose

mins

6.1

[85]

 Nurses time per Immunoprophylaxis dose

mins

30

[15, 17]

 Secretarial time per Immunoprophylaxis dose

mins

3.0

Estimated

 Average No. of Immunoprophylaxis shots:BPD

4.87

[61]

 Average No. of Immunoprophylaxis shots: non-BPD

4.93

[6]

 Average gross wage costs

USD per hour

13.26

[4]

 Social overheads as % gross wage

25%

[e]

 Work hours per day

hours

7.18

[4]

 Time off work per vaccination

hours

4

Approximation

 Time off/attack in uncontrolled asthmatics

hours

10.77

Assumed 1–2 days

 Time off per severe wheezing Episode

hours

10.77

Assumed 1–2 days

0–5

6–11

12–23

months

months

months

% mothers working full time before pregnancy

45%

45%

45%

[4]

% on maternity leave

67%

10%

0%

[4]

% taking time of work for caring for sick child

15%

41%

45%

[4]

Length of work absence (non-hospitalized) days

5.9

5.3

5.5

Assumed 50% of hospitalized cases

Length of work absence (hospitalized) days

11.8

10.7

11.0

[f]

Notes:

a) Calculations by Gary Ginsberg on HALE [4, 88]

b) Department of Information. Ministry of Health.

c) ICD 9 codes 017.4, 053.2, 381.0–381.4, 382.0

d) MOH prices excluding VAT

e) Average employers contribution to pension, health care and national insurance.

f) Pre-hospital plus twice Average Length Of Stay