More staff = better quality of life for people with dementia? results of a secondary data analysis in German shared-housing arrangements

Gräske, Johannes; Schmidt, Annika; Wolf-Ostermann, Karin

doi:10.1186/s13584-019-0295-7

Israel Journal of Health Policy Research

Table 3 Analysis of Variance Quality of Life (QUALIDEM)

From: More staff = better quality of life for people with dementia? results of a secondary data analysis in German shared-housing arrangements

Dependent Variable	p-Value Model	R²	Independent (Co-)Variable	p-Value Variable	Estimate	95% CI
QUALIDEM: total Score	< 0.001	0.216	Intercept	< 0.001	37.99	24.65:51.34
			Sex: female^a	0.253	1.84	− 1.32;5.01
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−10.40	− 13.22;- 7.58
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^c
			≤ 5	0.008	6.75	1.77;11.73
			6	0.195	2.29	−1.18;5.76
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.111	6.06	−1.40;13.52
			I	0.054	5.17	−0.09;10.43
			II	0.737	−0.68	−4.63;3.28
			Age*	0.001	0.27	0.12;0.42
			Length of atay^e,*	0.230	0.39	−0.245;1.02
			Ratio total-staff per resident*	0.804	0.25	−1.75;2.25
QUALIDEM: care relationship	< 0.001	0.163	Intercept	< 0.001	46.96	26.08;67.85
			Sex: female ^a	0.043	5.11	0.154;10.07
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−14.51	− 18.93;-10.10
			Cognitive decline (GDS)^c
			≤ 5	0.188	5.23	−2.57;13.02
			6	0.140	4.08	−1.35;9.51
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.296	−6.21	−17.88;5.47
			I	0.239	−4.93	−13.17;3.30
			II	0.017	−7.57	−13.76;-1.39
			Age*	0.032	0.26	0.02;0.50
			Length of stay^e,*	0.281	−0.54	−1.53;0.47
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.442	−1.23	−4.36;1.91
QUALIDEM: positive affect	0.133	0.045	Intercept	0.001	40.61	16.08;65.13
			Sex: female^a	0.140	4.38	− 1.44;10.20
			at least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI)^b	0.123	−4.08	−9.26;1.11
			Cognitive decline (GDS)^c
			≤ 5	0.147	6.76	−2.40;18.39
			6	0.070	5.89	−0.49;12.27
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.502	4.68	−9.03;18.39
			I	0.688	1.98	−7.69;11.65
			II	0.630	−1.78	−9.04;5.48
			Age*	0.053	0.27	−0.01;0.55
			Length of stay^e,*	0.680	0.24	−0.92;1.40
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.305	1.92	−1.76;5.59
QUALIDEM: negative affect	< 0.001	0.149	Intercept	< 0.001	57.00	33.32;80.69
			Sex: female ^a	0.006	−7.95	−13.57;-2.33
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−12.25	−17.26;-7.24
			Cognitive decline (GDS)^c
			≤ 5	0.211	5.63	−3.21;14.47
			6	0.169	−4.31	−10.47;1.85
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.222	8.23	−5.01;21.47
			I	0.077	8.43	−0.91;17.76
			II	0.403	2.99	−4.03;10.00
			Age*	0.360	0.125	−0.14;0.39
			Length of stay^e,*	0.112	0.91	−0.21;2.03
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.937	−0.143	−3.69;3.41
QUALIDEM: restless tense behavior	< 0.001	0.186	Intercept	0.899	1.85	−26.86;30.56
			Sex: female^a	0.592	−1.86	−8.67;4.96
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−13.99	− 20.06;-7.92
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^c
			≤ 5	0.009	14.24	3.53;24.96
			6	0.001	13.30	5.84;20.77
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.111	13.03	−3.02;29.08
			I	0.013	14.39	− 3.07;25.71
			II	0.094	7.26	−1.25;15.76
			Age*	0.001	0.54	0.21;0.86
			Length of stay^e,*	0.259	0.78	−0.58;2.14
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.182	−2.93	−7.23;1.37
QUALIDEM: positive self-image	0.001	0.145	Intercept	0.014	47.02	9.63;84.41
			Sex: female^a	0.106	−5.56	−13.19;-1.28
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	0.005	−9.42	−2.82;-16.02;
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^c
			≤ 5	0.030	8.79	0.86;16.72
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.349	9.62	−10.61;29.86
			I	0.845	−1.75	− 19.30;15.81
			II	0.549	−5.00	−21.41;11.42
			Age*	0.057	0.36	−0.01;0.73
			Length of stay^e,*	0.454	−0.60	−2.17;0.98
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.391	2.21	−2.85;7.27
QUALIDEM: social relationship	< 0.001	0.176	Intercept	< 0.001	42.58	20.75;64.40
			Sex: female^a	0.298	2.74	−2.44;7.92
			At least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−16.38	−21.00;11.77
			Cognitive decline (GDS)^c
			≤ 5	0.084	7.17	−0.98;15.31
			6	0.182	−3.86	−1.82;19.53
			Level of care^d
			0	0.219	7.63	−4.57;19.84
			I	0.297	4.57	−4.04;13.17
			II	0.565	−1.89	−8.36;4.57
			Age*	0.158	0.178	− 0.07;0.43
			Length of stay^e,*	0.456	0.39	−0.64;1.42
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.688	−0.668	−3.94;2.60
QUALIDEM: social isolation	0.148	0.176	Intercept	< 0.001	42.58	20.75;64.40
			Sex: female^a	0.298	2.74	−2.44;7.92
			at least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	< 0.001	−16.38	−11.77;-0.80
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^c
			≤ 5	0.084	7.165	−0.98;15.31
			6	0.182	3.86	−1.82;9.53
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.219	7.63	−4.57;19.84
			I	0.297	4.57	−4.04;13.17
			II	0.565	−1.89	−8.36;4.57
			Age*	0.158	0.178	−0.07;0.43
			Length of stay^e,*	0.456	0.39	−0.64;1.42
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	0.688	−0.668	−3.94;2.60
QUALIDEM: feeling at home	0.148	0.070	Intercept	< 0.001	69.33	38.27;100.39
			Sex: female^a	0.662	−1.33	−7.34;4.68
			at least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI) ^b	0.025	−6.28	−11.77;0.80
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^f
			≤ 5	0.276	−3.65	−10.23;2.94
			Level of care dependency^d
			0	0.970	0.32	−16.49;17.13
			I	0.478	−5.26	−19.84;9.33
			II	0.802	−1.73	− 15.37;11.90
			Age*	0.407	0.129	−0.18;0.44
			Length of stay^e,*	0.176	0.90	−0.41;2.21
			Ratio total-staff per resident *	1.00	−0.01	−4.20;4.20
QUALIDEM: having something to do	< 0.001	0.157	Intercept	0.041	43.81	1.87;85.76
			Sex: female^a	0.483	2.89	−5.23;11.00
			at least 1 challenging behaviour (CMAI)^b	0.088	−6.44	−13.84;0.97
			Cognitive decline (GDS) ^f
			≤ 5	0.004	13.01	4.11;21.90
			Level of caredependency^d
			0	0.512	7.56	−15.14;30.26
			I	0.328	9.80	−9.90;29.49
			II	0.709	−3.49	−21.90;14.93
			Age*	0.987	0.210	−0.42;0.41
			Length of stay^e,*	0.439	−0.69	−2.46;1.07
			Ratio total-staff per Resident *	0.152	4.14	−1.54;9.82

^acompared to male; ^bcompared to no challenging behaviour; ^ccompared to GDS 7; ^dcompared to care dependency level III ^ein the shared-housing arrangement; ^fcompared to GDS 6; CMAI Cohen-Mansfield-Agitation Inventory, GDS Global Deterioration Scale, RN Registered nurse, CNA Certified nursing assistant; *Co-Variables

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ISSN: 2045-4015

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