Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, females vs. males | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 0.003 | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.7 |
Age, years | Df = 5 | < 0.001 | Df = 5 | < 0.001 |
19–34 | Reference | Reference | ||
35–44 | 1.53 (1.39–1.69) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (1.20–1.47) | < 0.001 |
45–54 | 2.62 (2.40–2.86) | < 0.001 | 2.03 (1.85–2.23) | < 0.001 |
55–64 | 3.32 (3.05–3.62) | < 0.001 | 2.30 (2.09–2.52) | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 3.57 (3.27–3.90) | < 0.001 | 2.22 (2.01–2.46) | < 0.001 |
75+ | 2.85 (2.58–3.14) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.38–1.74) | < 0.001 |
Country of birth | Df = 4 | < 0.001 | Df = 4 | < 0.001 |
Israel | Reference | Reference | ||
Former Soviet Union | 1.92 (1.83–2.01) | < 0.001 | 1.39 (1.32–1.46) | < 0.001 |
Asia/North Africa | 1.30 (1.19–1.42) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.8 |
Europe/Americas | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | < 0.001 | 0.92 (0.84–1.00) | 0.05 |
Other/ unknown | 1.34 (1.20–1.51) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 0.7 |
Residential district | Df = 5 | < 0.001 | Df = 5 | < 0.001 |
Center | Reference | Reference | ||
Jerusalem | 2.00 (1.82–2.19) | < 0.001 | 2.27 (2.02–2.54) | < 0.001 |
North | 1.51 (1.40–1.64) | < 0.001 | 1.49 (1.36–1.63) | < 0.001 |
Haifa | 1.51 (1.40–1.62) | < 0.001 | 1.44 (1.32–1.57) | < 0.001 |
Tel Aviv | 0.74 (0.69–0.80) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.68–0.78) | < 0.001 |
South | 2.38 (2.25–2.52) | < 0.001 | 2.43 (2.26–2.61) | < 0.001 |
SES of place of residence | ||||
Middle/High (5–10) | Reference | Reference | ||
Low (1–4) | 1.28 (1.21–1.35) | < 0.001 | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 0.25 |
Background diseases | ||||
Heart disease (reference = no) | 1.51 (1.44–1.59) | < 0.001 | 1.12 (1.05–1.18) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension (reference = no) | 1.71 (1.64–1.78) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.7 |
Diabetes (reference = no) | 1.62 (1.54–1.71) | < 0.001 | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) | < 0.001 |
Number of PPIs purchases | ||||
Low (0–8) | Reference | Reference | ||
High (9+) | 2.83 (2.71–2.95) | < 0.001 | 2.43 (2.31–2.54) | < 0.001 |
Primary care physician board certification | Df = 3 | < 0.001 | Df = 3 | < 0.001 |
Family medicine | Reference | Reference | ||
None | 1.20 (1.14–1.26) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 0.03 |
Internal medicine | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.003 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.6 |
Other | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 0.005 | 1.14 (0.98–1.32) | 0.09 |
Board certification of the clinic physician-manager | Df = 4 | < 0.001 | Df = 4 | < 0.001 |
Family medicine | Reference | Reference | ||
None | 1.77 (1.63–1.91) | < 0.001 | 1.27 (1.16–1.39) | < 0.001 |
Internal medicine | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.2 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.2 |
Medical director | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.7 | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) | 0.004 |
Other | 0.91 (0.85–0.98) | 0.009 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.3 |
Primary care physician seniority | ||||
Low (0–8 years) | Reference | Reference | ||
High (9–43 years) | 0.93 (0.90–0.97) | 0.001 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.7 |