Table 2 Monthly out-of-pocket expenditures on dental care by demographic and socioeconomic household characteristics
Characteristics | Survey year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 2018 | |||||
Monthly dental OOPE in USD | P | Monthly dental OOPE in USD | P | |||
N | Median (Q1;Q3) | N | Median (Q1;Q3) | |||
| Â | 2358 | 68 (21;190) | Â | 2701 | 64 (21;196) | Â |
Sex†, |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.4 |
 Male | 1581 | 68 (21;179) | 1728 | 67 (21;198) | ||
 Female | 777 | 68 (19;216) | 973 | 60 (21;181) | ||
Any household members aged 0–14, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 1144 | 63 (20;171) | 1304 | 56 (19;170) | ||
 No | 1214 | 71 (21;229) | 1397 | 69 (21;213) | ||
Any household members aged 65+, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 532 | 85 (24;256) | 677 | 85 (26;273) | ||
 No | 1826 | 60 (18;172) | 2024 | 59 (19;170) | ||
Marital Status†, |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.4 |
 Married | 1590 | 74 (22;192) | 1834 | 66 (21;204) | ||
 Single | 417 | 53 (17;181) | 456 | 51 (17;163) | ||
 Divorced/Separated | 224 | 60 (17;221) | 284 | 61 (17;179) | ||
 Widowed | 127 | 48 (17;171) | 124 | 85 (26;230) | ||
Ethnic group†, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Jews, of which | 1907 | 63 (18;179) | 2192 | 59 (18;175) | ||
 Born in Israel | 1245 | 58 (17;172) | 1459 | 52 (17;170) | ||
 Immigrants before 1990 | 353 | 76 (23;214) | 329 | 86 (23;256) | ||
 Immigrants between 1990 and 2000 | 241 | 59 (17;177) | 292 | 44 (16;150) | ||
 Immigrants after 2000 | 68 | 60 (19;218) | 112 | 81 (23;188) | ||
 Arabs | 396 | 102 (26;256) | 431 | 85 (34;256) | ||
 Others | 55 | 68 (21;102) | 78 | 72 (28;212) | ||
Religiosity, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Secular | 1061 | 64 (20;181) | 1213 | 52 (17;172) | ||
 Traditional | 655 | 85 (25;214) | 713 | 85 (25;255) | ||
 Religious | 316 | 51 (17;171) | 368 | 59 (20;181) | ||
 Very religious/ultra-Orthodox | 198 | 51 (17;128) | 290 | 51 (20;156) | ||
 Mixed lifestyle | 128 | 60 (20;248) | 117 | 68 (29;183) | ||
Periphery index, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.003 |
 Peripheral | 387 | 120 (34;257) | 480 | 69 (26;213) | ||
 Non-peripheral | 1971 | 60 (18;172) | 2221 | 60 (19;192) | ||
Income deciles, | Â | Â | 0.034 | Â | Â | 0.15 |
 1–2 (Low) | 486 | 55 (17;171) | 508 | 60 (21;170) | ||
 3–4 | 435 | 65 (20;171) | 510 | 60 (21;170) | ||
 5–6 | 426 | 60 (17;224) | 517 | 69 (19;183) | ||
 7–8 | 442 | 77 (21;184) | 518 | 64 (21;213) | ||
 9–10 (High) | 569 | 68 (22;229) | 648 | 67 (21;215) | ||
Years of education‡, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0 | 21 | 43 (14;254) | 24 | 112 (25;239) | ||
 1–8 | 77 | 93 (30;179) | 72 | 66 (33;256) | ||
 9–12 | 696 | 85 (22;256) | 718 | 85 (25;255) | ||
 13–15 | 465 | 67 (21;172) | 539 | 69 (21;201) | ||
 16+ | 1099 | 55 (18;170) | 1348 | 51 (17;166) | ||
SES index#, |  |  | 0.005 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 1 (Low) | 230 | 103 (30;256) | 261 | 99 (29;255) | ||
 2 | 583 | 60 (19;209) | 586 | 69 (23;175) | ||
 3 | 796 | 77 (20;191) | 997 | 68 (20;213) | ||
 4 | 705 | 54 (19;172) | 814 | 44 (17;160) | ||
 5 (High) | 44 | 52 (14;127) | 43 | 78 (22;306) | ||
Ownership of an apartment, |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 1757 | 77 (22;222) | 1979 | 69 (21;207) | ||
 No | 601 | 43 (17;145) | 722 | 51 (17;172) | ||
Ownership of a car, | Â | Â | 0.055 | Â | Â | 0.3 |
 No | 578 | 51 (17;171) | 548 | 69 (21;180) | ||
 One car | 1096 | 76 (21;217) | 1252 | 64 (21;207) | ||
 Two cars or more | 684 | 67 (21;178) | 901 | 59 (21;181) | ||
Ownership of supplementary health insurance, | Â | Â | 0.2 | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Yes | 2010 | 71 (21;199) | 2349 | 64 (21;196) | ||
 No | 348 | 51 (18;171) | 352 | 68 (25;184) | ||