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Table 4 Infection prevention and control indicators over time [53,54,55,56,57]

From: National initiatives to promote quality of care and patient safety: achievements to date and challenges ahead

Indicator

First Year

Incidence in the First Year

Last Year

Incidence in the Last Year

CPE, long-term geriatric centers /100,000 patient-days

2010

32

2019

4

CPE, nursing homes / 100,000 catheter-days

2010

7.8

2019

0.8

CLABSI, all ICU types / 1000 catheter-days

2012

7.5

2019

2.1

C. diff, general hospital beds / 100,000 patient-days

2016

35.6

2018

31.5

C. diff, non-general hospital beds / 100,000 patient-days

2016

24.4

2018

14.4

CAUTI, internal medicine / 1000 catheter-days

2017

3.6

2019

3

CAUTI, surgery/1000 catheter-days

2017

2.5

2019

3

CAUTI, geriatrics/1000 catheter-days

1997

2.8

2017

4

Antibiotic use, intensive-care unit, DDD / 100 patient-days

2012

131.7

2018

113.1

Antibiotic use, internal medicine, DDD / 100 patient-days

2012

89.9

2018

75.1

Antibiotic use, surgery, DDD / 100 patient-days

2012

94.7

2018

79.9

Antibiotic use, long-term geriatric centers, DDD / 100 patient-days

2012

26

2018

14

Antibiotic use, primary care, DDD / 1000 enrollees/day

2012

18.5

2018

17.8

  1. Bold print represents substantial improvement in comparison with previous time point (see Methods section)
  2. CPE Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, CLABSI centeral-line associated blood-stream infection, C, diff Clostridium difficile, CAUTI catheter-associated urinary tract infection, DDD defined daily dose