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Table 2 Effect mediation models of ethnicity by helmet use on motorcycle crash-related HNI and TBI

From: Motorcycle-related head and neck injuries: increased risk among ethnic minorities

 

HNI

TBI

Unadjusted Model I

 Ethnicity (Arabs vs. Jews)

1.50 (1.24–1.80)***

1.57 (1.18–2.07)***

Adjusted Model II

 Ethnicity (Arabs vs. Jews)

1.37 (1.12–1.65)**

1.51 (1.12–1.99)***

Adjusted Model III

 Ethnicity (Arabs vs. Jews)

1.12 (0.91–1.37)

1.13 (0.82–1.53)

  1. HNI Head and neck injury, TBI Traumatic brain injury
  2. Numbers are odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence interval [CI]
  3. Model I: Unadjusted
  4. Model II: Adjusted for age, gender and motorcyclist position (rider/passenger)
  5. Model III: Additionally adjusted for helmet use
  6. *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01***p < 0.001 ****p < 0.0001