From: Educational level, ethnicity and mortality rates in Israel: national data linkage study
Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cause of death/Effect | Population group | Population group | Education | |||||||||||||
Arabs | Arabs | 8 or less | 9–11 | 12 | 13–15 | |||||||||||
v Jews and Others | v Jews and Others | v 16 and over | ||||||||||||||
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||||
Males, N = 1,387,209 | ||||||||||||||||
Infectious diseases | 0.95 | 0.86–1.05 | 0.65 | 0.58–0.72 | 3.55 | 3.15–3.99 | 2.60 | 2.31–2.92 | 1.77 | 1.57–1.99 | 1.42 | 1.25–1.61 | ||||
Malignant neoplasms | 1.09 | 1.06–1.12 | 0.97 | 0.94–1.01 | 1.45 | 1.40–1.51 | 1.47 | 1.42–1.52 | 1.19 | 1.15–1.23 | 1.17 | 1.14–1.22 | ||||
Diabetes | 2.36 | 2.22–2.50 | 1.72 | 1.61–1.84 | 3.41 | 3.06–3.79 | 2.96 | 2.66–3.29 | 2.37 | 2.14–2.64 | 1.54 | 1.37–1.73 | ||||
Dementia | 0.80 | 0.60–1.08 | 0.63 | 0.46–0.85 | 2.21 | 1.65–2.96 | 2.06 | 1.54–2.76 | 1.44 | 1.07–1.94 | 1.38 | 1.01–1.87 | ||||
Heart disease | 1.79 | 1.72–1.86 | 1.44 | 1.38–1.51 | 2.07 | 1.95–2.19 | 1.95 | 1.85–2.06 | 1.49 | 1.41–1.57 | 1.25 | 1.18–1.33 | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 1.56 | 1.45–1.69 | 1.19 | 1.10–1.29 | 2.55 | 2.29–2.84 | 2.27 | 2.04–2.52 | 1.69 | 1.52–1.88 | 1.36 | 1.22–1.53 | ||||
Respiratory diseases | 2.14 | 2.01–2.27 | 1.44 | 1.35–1.54 | 4.01 | 3.61–4.44 | 3.01 | 2.72–3.35 | 2.31 | 2.09–2.57 | 1.49 | 1.33–1.68 | ||||
Accidents | 1.37 | 1.27–1.47 | 1.06 | 0.98–1.15 | 2.65 | 2.36–2.98 | 2.31 | 2.08–2.57 | 1.65 | 1.49–1.83 | 1.36 | 1.21–1.52 | ||||
Suicide | 0.34 | 0.29–0.40 | 0.30 | 0.26–0.35 | 1.53 | 1.30–1.79 | 1.85 | 1.64–2.08 | 1.28 | 1.14–1.44 | 1.08 | 0.95–1.23 | ||||
Homicide | 3.26 | 2.84–3.74 | 2.31 | 1.99–2.68 | 4.40 | 3.19–6.07 | 4.53 | 3.38–6.07 | 2.74 | 2.05–3.68 | 1.38 | 0.98–1.95 | ||||
All cause mortality | 1.33 | 1.31–1.36 | 1.07 | 1.05–1.09 | 2.13 | 2.08–2.18 | 1.91 | 1.87–1.95 | 1.47 | 1.44–1.50 | 1.26 | 1.23–1.29 | ||||
Females, N = 1,389,212 | ||||||||||||||||
Infectious diseases | 1.44 | 1.28–1.62 | 0.79 | 0.69–0.90 | 4.16 | 3.52–4.91 | 2.68 | 2.26–3.18 | 1.65 | 1.38–1.96 | 1.25 | 1.05–1.50 | ||||
Malignant neoplasms | 0.81 | 0.78–0.84 | 0.83 | 0.80–0.86 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.07 | 1.14 | 1.10–1.18 | 1.09 | 1.06–1.13 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.16 | ||||
Diabetes | 3.24 | 3.00–3.50 | 1.93 | 1.76–2.10 | 4.41 | 3.76–5.16 | 3.71 | 3.16–4.36 | 1.99 | 1.68–2.35 | 1.59 | 1.35–1.88 | ||||
Dementia | 0.80 | 0.60–1.08 | 0.73 | 0.49–1.07 | 1.87 | 1.30–2.69 | 1.67 | 1.13–2.45 | 1.48 | 1.01–2.17 | 1.10 | 0.75–1.60 | ||||
Heart disease | 2.41 | 2.26–2.57 | 1.58 | 1.47–1.70 | 2.96 | 2.66–3.29 | 2.34 | 2.10–2.62 | 1.71 | 1.53–1.91 | 1.30 | 1.16–1.45 | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | 2.10 | 1.90–2.32 | 1.39 | 1.24–1.56 | 2.69 | 2.30–3.14 | 2.17 | 1.85–2.54 | 1.50 | 1.28–1.76 | 1.21 | 1.03–1.43 | ||||
Respiratory diseases | 1.63 | 1.47–1.80 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.02 | 4.13 | 3.55–4.81 | 2.77 | 2.36–3.24 | 1.94 | 1.66–2.28 | 1.16 | 0.98–1.37 | ||||
Accidents | 1.29 | 1.12–1.50 | 0.96 | 0.82–1.13 | 2.11 | 1.73–2.57 | 1.63 | 1.35–1.98 | 1.36 | 1.13–1.63 | 1.16 | 0.96–1.40 | ||||
Suicide | 0.32 | 0.23–0.45 | 0.30 | 0.21–0.42 | 1.31 | 0.97–1.78 | 1.26 | 0.98–1.62 | 1.18 | 0.94–1.48 | 1.12 | 0.89–1.40 | ||||
Homicide | 2.10 | 1.58–2.79 | 1.51 | 1.09–2.08 | 2.52 | 1.49–4.25 | 2.43 | 1.52–3.87 | 1.57 | 1.00–2.47 | 1.16 | 0.71–1.89 | ||||
All cause mortality | 1.27 | 1.25–1.30 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.04 | 1.77 | 1.72–1.82 | 1.55 | 1.50–1.59 | 1.28 | 1.24–1.31 | 1.17 | 1.14–1.20 |