Understanding out-of-pocket spending and financial hardship among patients who succumb to cancer and their caregivers

Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, and functional characteristics of persons who died from cancer (percent), N = 491

	Had no OOP spending	Had OOP spending	F/χ²	Total
	N = 79 16.09%	N = 412 83.91%	F/χ²	N = 491 100%
Age (mean and S.D.)	66.2 (13.9)	70.3 (12.9)	1.25	69.5 (13.14)
Gender			1.431
Male	18.14	81.86		48.3
Female	14.17	85.83		51.7
Education			1.775
1–4 years	5.19	2.77		3.16
5–8 years	9.09	7.81		8.02
9–12 years	41.56	39.80		40.08
13 + years	44.16	49.62		48.73
Functional condition			30.213***
Totally or almost totally incapacitated	10.19	89.81		41.96
Difficulties in doing ADL alone	11.39	88.61		32.18
Able to do ADL	31.50	68.50		25.87
Able to remain at home alone	33.72	66.28	13.546***	17.52
Unable	12.35	87.65	13.546***	82.48
Economic capacity (household’s ability to make ends meet)			1.346
With great difficulty	8.11	11.73		11.14
With some difficulty	29.73	32.53		32.07
Pretty easily	29.73	27.20		27.62
Easily	32.43	28.53		29.18
Insurance			2.001
Has supplemental health-insurance coverage	14.37	85.63		65.17
No insurance	19.30	80.70		34.83

ISSN: 2045-4015