Table 2 Probability of out-of-pocket expenditure, by purposes (odds ratios) (95% CI) (Logit model)

Female (0 = male; 1 = female)

1.179 (0.776–1.790)

2.274*** (1.350–3.830)

1.331 (0.662–2.675)

Patient’s age

0.991 (0.976–1.007)

1.066*** (1.041–1.091)

1.028* (0.999–1.059)

Patient’s incapacity (1: able to perform all Activities of Daily Living (ADL) – 3: totally unable to perform ADL)

1.010 (0.750–1.360)

1.371* (0.948–1.985)

1.234 (0.742–2.050)

Unable to remain alone during the day (0 = able to remain alone during the day; 1 = unable to remain alone during the day)

1.268*** (1.031–2.129)

4.305*** (2.012–9.212)

1.373 (0.542–3.474)

Has supplemental health-insurance coverage (0 = yes; 1 = no)

0.885 (0.569–1.377)

1.893** (1.069–3.349)

3.299** (1.312–8.291)

Household’s economic capacity (1: with great difficulty – 4: easily)

0.798** (0.643–0.990)

(0.09)

1.029 (0.794–1.333)

(0.14)

0.854 (0.598–1.219) (0.16)

Pseudo R2

0.1702

0.1782

0.1558

N

379

379

379