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Table 1 Summary of policies and actions against antimicrobial resistance in the food-producing animal sector in Israel and selected developed countries

From: Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals: towards implementing a one health based national action plan in Israel

 

Israel

European Union countries

United states of America

Australia

Japan

Use of growth promoters

Prohibited since 2018

Prohibited since 2006

Prohibited since 2017

Restrictions only on the use of antimicrobials important to human health

Partially restricted—Colistin is prohibited

Collecting data on sales and use of antimicrobials

None, except for a voluntary survey on sale data form wholesalers conducted in 2014 by the Veterinary Services and Animal Health unit of Israel

Started voluntarily in 2009 and became obligatory in 2019

Data regarding antimicrobial sales by animal species collected since 2016

Data regarding antimicrobial sales in the country are partial (last report from 2014)

Data regarding antimicrobial sales by animal species collected since 2000

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals

No centralized system—antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens

is monitored by the Government Central Laboratories in MOH. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens of animals is partially monitored by the Kimron Veterinary Institute in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Not yet coordinated at the European Union level, however many countries monitor antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals

Data regarding antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals, retail meat products, and foodborne pathogens are collected by the US Food and Drug Administration, the US Department of Agriculture and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

None

Monitored by the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

List of critically important antimicrobials to human medicine

None. Partially adopted the European Union list (category A)

European Union list

The US Food and Drug Administration published a list in 2003, which has yet to be revised since

Regional adapted list published in 2018

Regional adapted list published in 2014

Current national One Health action plan against antimicrobial resistance

Yet to be implemented

‘A European One Health action plan against antimicrobial resistance, published in 2017

‘National action plan for combating antimicrobial resistance 2020-2025’, published in 2020

‘Australia’s National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy—2020 and beyond’, published in 2020

‘National Action Plan on antimicrobial resistance 2016-2020’, published in 2016