Table 4 Multivariate regression of the derivation set (n = 37, 690)

Congestive heart failure

1.69*** (1.52, 1.86)

1.85*** (1.71, 1.99)

1.43*** (1.33, 1.53)

0.21*** (0.19, 0.23)

Cardiac arrhythmias

0.82 (0.65, 1.02)

1.09 (0.94, 1.26)

0.83** (0.72, 0.97)

0.02 ( − 0.02, 0.06)

Valvular disease

0.94 (0.83, 1.06)

1.58*** (1.45, 1.72)

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

0.12*** (0.10, 0.15)

Pulmonary circulation disorder

1.10 (0.94, 1.27)

1.24*** (1.12, 1.38)

1.21***(1.09, 1.34)

0.08*** (0.04, 0.11)

Peripheral vascular disorders

1.26*** (1.15, 1.39)

1.15*** (1.07, 1.23)

1.19*** (1.11, 1.27)

0.10*** (0.08, 0.11)

Hypertension

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

1.08** (1.01, 1.15)

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

0.10*** (0.08, 0.11)

Paralysis

1.39** (1.03, 1.83)

1.30** (1.02, 1.62)

1.12 (0.89, 1.39)

0.31*** (0.25, 0.37)

Neurodegenerative disorder

2.13*** (1.83, 2.47)

1.96*** (1.73, 2.22)

1.19*** (1.05, 1.35)

0.27*** (0.23, 0.30)

Chronic pulmonary disease

0.89 (0.78, 1.00)

1.55*** (1.43, 1.68)

1.27*** (1.17, 1.38)

0.05*** (0.03, 0.08)

Diabetes, uncomplicated

0.94 (0.83, 1.07)

1.12** (1.02, 1.22)

0.99 (0.91, 1.08)

0.04*** (0.02, 0.06)

Diabetes, complicated

0.82 (0.55, 1.16)

0.84 (0.65, 1.08)

1.25** (1.00, 1.56)

0.15*** (0.08, 0.22)

Hypothyroidism

1.33*** (1.18, 1.48)

1.02 (0.93, 1.11)

1.13** (1.04, 1.23)

0.08*** (0.06, 0.10)

Renal failure

1.58*** (1.26, 1.95)

1.39*** (1.17, 1.65)

1.10 (0.92, 1.31)

0.10*** (0.05, 0.15)

Liver disease

1.63***(1.29, 2.04)

1.20 (0.98, 1.45)

1.14 (0.95, 1.37)

0.16*** (0.11, 0.21)

Peptic ulcer disease, no bleeding

0.90 (0.58, 1.34)

0.74 (0.53, 1.02)

1.21 (0.92, 1.57)

0.02 ( − 0.06, 0.09)

AIDS/HIV

1.38 (0.07, 7.57)

4.02** (0.95, 14.4)

0.54 (0.03, 2.94)

0.28 ( − 0.16, 0.72)

Lymphoma

1.76** (1.22, 2.48)

0.89 (0.61, 1.25)

1.38** (1.03, 1.81)

0.38*** (0.30, 0.46)

Metastatic cancer

2.45*** (2.03, 2.95)

1.00 (0.79, 1.26)

1.26** (1.05, 1.50)

0.22*** (0.17, 0.28)

Solid tumor without metastasis

2.43*** (2.15, 2.73)

0.85** (0.75, 0.96)

1.56*** (1.42, 1.72)

0.23*** (0.20, 0.26)

RA/collagen vascular disease

1.13 (0.86, 1.45)

1.12 (0.92, 1.36)

1.07 (0.88, 1.29)

0.09*** (0.03, 0.14)

Coagulopathy

2.49*** (2.04, 3.03)

1.32** (1.09, 1.60)

1.13 (0.93, 1.35)

0.25*** (0.20, 0.31)

Obesity

0.56*** (0.45, 0.69)

1.28*** (1.14, 1.44)

0.83** (0.73, 0.94)

0.00 ( − 0.03, 0.04)

Weight loss

2.16*** (1.44, 3.15)

1.13 (0.76, 1.64)

1.67** (1.20, 2.29)

0.59*** (0.49, 0.69)

Fluid and electrolyte disorder

2.52*** (2.29, 2.77)

2.18*** (2.02, 2.35)

1.33*** (1.23, 1.44)

0.22*** (0.20, 0.24)

Deficiency anemia

1.19** (1.04, 1.37)

1.06 (0.95, 1.18)

1.13** (1.02, 1.25)

0.20*** (0.17, 0.23)

Alcohol abuse

0.60 (0.25, 1.21)

1.43 (0.92, 2.15)

1.14 (0.73, 1.72)

0.14** (0.02, 0.26)

Drug abuse

0.59 (0.10, 1.96)

1.83 (0.89, 3.48)

0.77 (0.31, 1.61)

0.04 ( − 0.16, 0.24)

Psychosis

0.83 (0.62, 1.09)

1.32** (1.10, 1.58)

1.51*** (1.28, 1.77)

0.18*** (0.14, 0.23)

Depression

0.88 (0.73, 1.06)

0.73*** (0.63, 0.84)

1.04 (0.91, 1.19)

0.06** (0.02, 0.10)

C statistic

0.712

0.681

0.605

Adjusted R2

0.102